The first person in the world to get a true picture - if we define as an unchanging image, produced by the direct action of light - was Joseph Niepce in 1826. He was able to reproduce, after ten years of experience, unveiled the view from the window of their home loft, at Chalons-sur-Sarne. Around 1822, Niepce had already worked with a veneer of alfalto applied on glass, and a blend of oils designed to fix the image. With these materials, obtained a photograph of the building from the window of his study - after an exposure of eight hours. But that system was inadequate for the heliographic ordinary photograph and decisive discovery was made by a gentleman much more cosmopolitan: Louis Daguerre.

It occurred in 1835 when Daguerre took a plate coated with silver and sensitized with silver iodide and exposed while not presented even traces of an image and saved it, casually, in a closet. However, when you open it the next day she found out about a developed image. It created a legend about the origin of the mysterious developing agent - the mercury vapor - being assigned to a broken thermometer. However, the more likely it is that Daguerre has spent any time in search of that vital element, using a system of elimination.

In 1837, he had this standardized process, which used copper plates coated with silver and treated with iodine vapor and revealed the latent image by exposing it to the action of heated mercury. To make the image unchanged, simply submerge it in a heated solution of table salt.

One can therefore see that the picture is not finding a single man. Many experiments of alchemists, physicists and chemists on the action of light, were extremely important in the context of fixing images. The findings are interwoven in the world of photochemistry. The history of photography is therefore directly linked to the study of light and optical phenomena.

It was also in ancient Greece the philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC) found that the rays of sunlight during a partial eclipse, when crossing a small hole, projected on a wall in a dark room the image abroad. This primitive mà © all images produced was named ¢ mara dark here, having been first used in useful for ¡Ã ¡tica by Arabs in the eleventh century sà ©, to observe the eclipse. à ‰ this so early here ¢ mara who are the musicians princÃpios bà ¡CA ¡¢ mara is photographic.

Some important dates:

1520 - Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian, makes the method descriptions § à £ o Reported period of more complete prà ©-industrial process of appearance of an inverted image on a "ca ¢ mara dark" in his notebook on the mirrors, which published in 1797 © - "The image of an object illuminated by the sun penetrates through a dark compartment of a © s orifÃcio. If we put a white paper on the inside of the compartment, at a certain distance away from the orifÃcio we'll look at the role the image with your previous file Pippen colors, put © m reversed, because the intersection § à £ o of the solar rays. "

1526 - FabrÃcio, mà © alchemist of old days, reports that the compound silver chloride turned black when exposed to light.

1558 - Geronomo (Girolano) Cardano, Italian physicists, solves the problem of image sharpness by suggesting the use of biconvex lenses by the CA orifÃcio ¢ mara dark.

1676 - Johann Chirstph, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Altdorf german, in his Experimental Collegium sive curiosum, describes and illustrates a CA ¢ mara dark inside that uses a mirror to 45A ° which reflects the light from the lens, to an oiled parchment, placed horizontally. It therefore creates the first device port til ¡¢ ​​mara dark here. The great room with espaà § o to a working man is being transformed into a small box. Almost two hundred years after FabrÃcio, the alchemist, still believed that silver was black because it is old.

1780 - Charles, phasic Frenchman, based on Experiences previous projected objects on a sheet of paper impregnated with silver chloride (very similar to a tà © cnica bà ¡sica used ata © today at work artÃsticos - FRAME).

1839 - Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre © (1787-1851), announced the daguerreotype process, and August 19, the Academy of Paris Cia Special Promotions, announces to the public. Comes the first popular form of photography. The time of exposure § à £ o walk around 4000 seconds. Daguerre sold his idea to the government by a Frenchman thinks the Vitalac £ 6 billion francs. Days earlier, Daguerre, requires the patent of his invention in England. The invention takes care of the urban centers, go river painters accused of killing photography to painting. But it was through this adaptaà © s § à £ o cultural, born and dadaÃsmo Impressionism (art for art).

1840 - Sir Charles Wheatstone, english, creates a contraption called ³ pio Stereoscopic display to view photos in 3D. That same year, Daguerre improves his invention to Daguerre and Lana § ³ brometizado type, reducing the exposure time § à £ o for about 80 seconds. William Henry Fox Talbot in England, § Launches a process known as Cala ³ type. A process similar to earlier ones, but when exposed to light, produces a negative and through © tà © s of the technique of contact obta © m is positive. Based on a sheet of paper impregnated with silver nitrate and chloride (sometimes used iodide © ¡ssio squid), after drying, à © made contact with objects and obta © m is a dark silhouette. Fixed later with amonÃaco or § à £ o solution of concentrated salt. à ‰ regarded as the first prà ¡tico process for the production of § à £ o in an undetermined number of copies from the original negative.

1844 - The first book illustrated with photographs, The Pencil of Nature, published by à © Talbot and published in six volumes, with twenty-four talbotipos containing the explanation of § à £ o their work and establishing padrÃμes quality. The problem of à © tà © cnica that support the negative © paper and a shift to the positive details were lost.

1855 - Roger Fenton (1819-1869) made the first pictures of war, when it covered the Crimean War was to a newspaper © both English s.

1855 - painted some pictures appear mà £ o, which dà a touch of realism and try to compare the photograph s paintings.

1871 - Richard Leach Maddox, mà © dico english, fixed the silver bromide suspended in a gelatinous £ o, thus creating the dry plate process. The process replaces the radio glue ³ hà © à º kid in the British Journal of Photograph,
in September. Ignatius the process has the disadvantage of being slower, but sharpen § à © oado and creates the gelatin dry plate production and § à £ o industry. Since then has either been possÃvel photograph the movement (time of exposure § à £ o: 1 / 2 second) and design here ¢ mara à © improved, ie, are smaller, lighter and more previous file nearby universities even people.

1873 - There are baths with the use of colored dyes (like bathroom sink or sà © blue) and increases the sensitivity to s colors, bathing at the £ emulsa fotossensÃvel to aniline, creating the film ortocromà ¡tico.

1884 - George Eastman, § Launches the roll of film with twenty-four plates, and paper-based gelatin. In 1886, the Eastman Dry Plate Company, is called the Kodak.

1888 - Â The big news, the Ca ¢ mere Kidak with "system-ready beats," with the slogan: You press the button in ³ oe s do the rest. The customer buys a ca ¢ mara, for 25 dollars, with 100 plates, later sends it to the mill ¡factory which then £ is evident from the photographs and return the film revealed, CA ¢ mara and one roll of 100 sheets.

1889 - Henry M. Reichenbach Kodak Chemicals, produces the negative cell based ³ go and gelatin. Graça the fever of § § à £ Funa portraiture, many portraits of people here © Sà £ o hare legacy to the future, as was the case of Baudelaire and girl Alice Liddell, who inspired the Rev. Lewis Carroll to write "Alice in country of wonders. " à © this potion, the exposure time as § à £ o ¡§ Achieved assess the weak § à £ o of 1 / 10 seconds.

1904 - The London Daily Mirror à © the first newspaper to be illustrated with photos only.

1906 - Ã ‰ marketed the film Pancrom ¡tico, Sensitive to light orange. The sister to August and Louis Lumia © re, the first feature films to revelation § Ã £ oa colors (autochrome), that already Do not need a triple exposure § Ã £ o (do not take the river was necessary ¡ three different plates of the same photo) through a CA © s ¢ mara special.

1920 - Paul Martin, english, a CA ¢ mara hides in a suitcase (the grace to § § the technological advancement of the film ³ cal ¢ mara and here), and first takes pictures of people without them realizing. The result à © a naturally unknown, because before people were very formal in the poses.

1925 - Use of Magnetic partÃculas is to enlighten sio © § à £ o artificial. The result of this primitive Flash © a beam of bright light and a smoke à ¡acid. It also appears © ma famous Leica, mà ¡a great machine and forerunner of all the Maras here ¢ 35mm.

1930 - Henri Cartier-Bresson was a photographer who had the highest success. Cartier uses a CA ¢ mara thumbnail to capture "decisive moments" in people's lives. To your success in the record of events and categories fleeting thrill § enormous influence on the sound ³ £ photojournalism, as well as © m introduced a new concept in photography artÃstica. From 1930, in Europe and the United States, the captious specialized consider Three s the bearing Special Promotions in photography: 1) Usage § à £ o great here ¢ mara and large negative, with obtaining § à £ o of copies rich gradaà § categories tones, playing in a more living reality, 2) exploration § à £ o new sharpen § oamentos technological ³ cal to fix the time more elusive and the most unusual and unsuspected reality, 3) Invention § à £ o of abstract forms with ª ncia there is ¡tica pria previous file.

"For me photography is an immediate recognition in the course of a weak § à £ o of a second, both the meaning of the event as the precise organization of § à £ o £ the volumes that compose, significantly, the meaning of the scene. I think it is the movement of life that the self-discovery takes place, whereas if dà the opening to the world environment that can shape us, but it can also be influenced by our personality. It is equilÃbrio establish between these two worlds. à ‰ this constant interactions § à £ o that these worlds eventually merge into a new world. à ‰ this world that we communicate. - Henri Cartier-Bresson

1930 - Appear the first photographic flashes Charts. In this à © puddle, the characteristics ¢ mara § Achieved Avamar speed of 1 / 100 sec.

1935 - Kodak Launches § the first chrome colored - Kodachrome.

1936 - Agfa Launches the Agfacolor § - a different color system to a chrome color.

1941 - Kodak Launches § the first color negative - Kodacolor.

1947 - Appears to ca ¢ ¢ mara nea instant photo, Polaroid, based on a process developed by physicists Edwin H. Land.

1949 - Appears the black and white Polaroid.

1963 - There are the Polaroid color and "Instamatic" 126 cartridge.

2000 - The machines also enter mà ¡© § m am gets to occupy the espaà §, photojournalism in particular, where the speed of circulaà § à £ oe EDIA § à £ o images justify the slight loss in quality of the print . However, nothing, absolutely nothing can replace the look and artÃstico aware of the photographer.

2005 - The digital machines mà ¡§ to win out in the world, pixel resolution and advanced categories § § ados digital photos to make a difference to § photo-reports. The mà ¡amateur digital machines earn huge hit among teenagers and lovers of photography. Everywhere where people congregate, there is the presence of INA § a ¢ mara here mere digital resolution of several categories and models ... § recording everything that happens around it, producing pictures relaxed and irreverent. Many in order Dea are only downloaded to a computer to be shared over the Internet and for fun.